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一 | 这项研究是由美国能源部布鲁克海文国家实验室和纽约冷泉港实验室的研究人员进行的。他们从一种被称为Lemna japonica的现有浮萍开始，向其添加了多个基因，这些基因已经被认为可以驱动其他植物的燃料生产和储存。
二 | TOKYO -- Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said Monday he is preparing to take bold economic measures, including an income tax cut for households hit by inflation and tax breaks for companies to promote investment, in what's seen as a move to lift his dwindling public support.In his speech to start a new Parliamentary session, Kishida said it was time to shift from an economy of low cost, low wages and cost-cutting to one backed by growth led by sustainable wage hikes and active investment.“I'm determined to take unprecedentedly bold measures,” Kishida said, pledging an intensive effort to achieve stronger supply capability in about three years. “I will put more emphasis on the economy than on anything else.”He said he is determined to help people ride out the impact of soaring prices for food, utilities and other costs that have exceeded their salary increases, by implementing income tax cuts. He also pledged to introduce corporate tax incentives to promote wage increases, investment and optimization. Previously, Kishida had been considered reluctant to cut taxes because his government must find the funds to double Japan's defense budget within five years as planned while also trying to counter the impact of Japan’s low birth rate and rapidly declining population.Kishida's pledge on tax breaks has been criticized by opposition leaders as a vote-buying attempt because the proposals surfaced just before two by-elections held on Sunday that were seen as a litmus test for potential snap elections. His Liberal Democratic Party secured a parliamentary seat representing Nagasaki in Sunday's vote but lost in a combined district in Kochi and Tokushima to a candidate backed by the main opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan. “The results clearly show that many voters are dissatisfied by the government's delayed economic measures to tackle rising prices," said Jun Azumi, a senior CDPJ lawmaker. Kishida told reporters that he takes the results seriously and that he will tackle important policies one by one. “Now is the time for me to focus on that, and I'm not thinking about anything else,” Kishida said, denying that his tax cut proposal was related to elections.The tax cuts would be part of a new economic stimulus package he plans to announce by the end of the month. On the diplomatic front, Kishida in his speech reiterated the need to strengthen Japan’s military, given conflicts that are underway elsewhere, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the war between Israel and Gaza's militant Hamas rulers. Kishida also urged China to immediately lift its ban on Japanese seafood imports imposed in August when the tsunami-wrecked Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant started releasing the treated radioactive wastewater into the sea. The government is working to find new markets for the Japanese fishing industry that are less reliant on China, Kishida said.。在被描述为推/拉/保护效应中，其中一个基因推动（增加）脂肪酸的生产，其中一个基因将这些脂肪酸拉（组装）成三酰甘油油，另一个基因通过在植物组织中涂抹油滴来保护它们免受环境的降解。因此，工程浮萍积累的油几乎占其干重生物量的10%，据说这比该植物的野生对应物的积累率增加了100倍。它的油产量是当今最大的生物柴油来源大豆的7倍以上。然而，与大豆不同的是，浮萍作物不会占用农田，因为它们将被种植在大型容器或池塘中。事实上，科学家们建议，浮萍作物可以种植在养猪场和家禽场的液体废物径流中，这些植物将通过从水中吸取多余的营养物质来帮助清理。一个挑战在于，通常情况下，推动脂肪酸生产的基因也会阻碍植物生长。为了解决这个问题，"推动"基因与另一个被称为启动子的基因配对，后者通过向水中添加一种特定的化学诱导剂而被激活。首席科学家，布鲁克海文生物化学家John Shanklin说：“加入这个启动子可以使推动基因保持关闭，直到我们加入诱导剂，这使得植物在我们开启脂肪酸/石油生产之前可以正常生长。”研究人员现在正在研究种植浮萍并从中提取商业规模的油的方法。关于这项研究的一篇论文最近发表在《植物生物技术杂志》上。
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